两汉:班固
苏sū武wǔ传chuán((节jié选xuǎn))--班bān固gù
武wǔ字zì子zi卿qīng,,少shǎo以yǐ父fù任rèn,,兄xiōng弟dì并bìng为wèi郎láng,,稍shāo迁qiān至zhì栘yí中zhōng厩jiù监jiān。。时shí汉hàn连lián伐fá胡hú,,数shù通tōng使shǐ相xiāng窥kuī观guān。。匈xiōng奴nú留liú汉hàn使shǐ郭guō吉jí、、路lù充chōng国guó等děng前qián后hòu十shí余yú辈bèi,,匈xiōng奴nú使shǐ来lái,,汉hàn亦yì留liú之zhī以yǐ相xiāng当dāng。。天tiān汉hàn元yuán年nián,,且qiě鞮dī侯hóu单dān于yú初chū立lì,,恐kǒng汉hàn袭xí之zhī,,乃nǎi曰yuē::「「汉hàn天tiān子zi我wǒ丈zhàng人rén行xíng也yě。。」」尽jǐn归guī汉hàn使shǐ路lù充chōng国guó等děng。。武wǔ帝dì嘉jiā其qí义yì,,乃nǎi遣qiǎn武wǔ以yǐ中zhōng郎láng将jiāng使shǐ持chí节jié送sòng匈xiōng奴nú使shǐ留liú在zài汉hàn者zhě,,因yīn厚hòu赂lù单dān于yú,,答dá其qí善shàn意yì。。
武wǔ与yǔ副fù中zhōng郎láng将jiāng张zhāng胜shèng及jí假jiǎ吏lì常cháng惠huì等děng募mù士shì斥chì候hòu百bǎi余yú人rén俱jù。。既jì至zhì匈xiōng奴nú,,置zhì币bì遗yí单dān于yú;;单dān于yú益yì骄jiāo,,非fēi汉hàn所suǒ望wàng也yě。。方fāng欲yù发fā使shǐ送sòng武wǔ等děng,,会huì缑gōu王wáng与yǔ长zhǎng水shuǐ虞yú常cháng等děng谋móu反fǎn匈xiōng奴nú中zhōng。。缑gōu王wáng者zhě,,昆kūn邪xié王wáng姊zǐ子zi也yě,,与yǔ昆kūn邪xié王wáng俱jù降jiàng汉hàn,,后hòu随suí浞zhuó野yě侯hóu没méi胡hú中zhōng,,及jí卫wèi律lǜ所suǒ将jiāng降jiàng者zhě,,阴yīn相xiāng与yǔ谋móu,,劫jié单dān于yú母mǔ阏è氏shì归guī汉hàn。。会huì武wǔ等děng至zhì匈xiōng奴nú。。虞yú常cháng在zài汉hàn时shí,,素sù与yǔ副fù张zhāng胜shèng相xiāng知zhī,,私sī候hòu胜shèng曰yuē::「「闻wén汉hàn天tiān子zi甚shén怨yuàn卫wèi律lǜ,,常cháng能néng为wèi汉hàn伏fú弩nǔ射shè杀shā之zhī,,吾wú母mǔ与yǔ弟dì在zài汉hàn,,幸xìng蒙méng其qí赏shǎng赐cì。。」」张zhāng胜shèng许xǔ之zhī,,以yǐ货huò物wù与yǔ常cháng。。后hòu月yuè余yú,,单dān于yú出chū猎liè,,独dú阏è氏shì子zi弟dì在zài。。虞yú常cháng等děng七qī十shí余yú人rén欲yù发fā,,其qí一yī人rén夜yè亡wáng告gào之zhī。。单dān于yú子zi弟dì发fā兵bīng与yǔ战zhàn,,缑gōu王wáng等děng皆jiē死sǐ,,虞yú常cháng生shēng得dé。。
单dān于yú使shǐ卫wèi律lǜ治zhì其qí事shì。。张zhāng胜shèng闻wén之zhī,,恐kǒng前qián语yǔ发fā,,以yǐ状zhuàng语yǔ武wǔ。。武wǔ曰yuē::「「事shì如rú此cǐ,,此cǐ必bì及jí我wǒ,,见jiàn犯fàn乃nǎi死sǐ,,重zhòng负fù国guó!!」」欲yù自zì杀shā,,胜shèng惠huì共gòng止zhǐ之zhī。。虞yú常cháng果guǒ引yǐn张zhāng胜shèng。。单dān于yú怒nù,,召zhào诸zhū贵guì人rén议yì,,欲yù杀shā汉hàn使shǐ者zhě。。左zuǒ伊yī秩zhì訾zī曰yuē::「「即jí谋móu单dān于yú,,何hé以yǐ复fù加jiā??宜yí皆jiē降jiàng之zhī。。」」单dān于yú使shǐ卫wèi律lǜ召zhào武wǔ受shòu辞cí。。武wǔ谓wèi惠huì等děng::「「屈qū节jié辱rǔ命mìng,,虽suī生shēng何hé面miàn目mù以yǐ归guī汉hàn??」」引yǐn佩pèi刀dāo自zì刺cì。。卫wèi律lǜ惊jīng,,自zì抱bào持chí武wǔ。。驰chí召zhào医yī,,凿záo地dì为wèi坎kǎn,,置zhì煴yūn火huǒ,,覆fù武wǔ其qí上shàng,,蹈dǎo其qí背bèi,,以yǐ出chū血xuè。。武wǔ气qì绝jué,,半bàn日rì复fù息xī。。惠huì等děng哭kū,,舆yú归guī营yíng。。单dān于yú壮zhuàng其qí节jié,,朝cháo夕xī遣qiǎn人rén候hòu问wèn武wǔ,,而ér收shōu系xì张zhāng胜shèng。。
武wǔ益yì愈yù。。单dān于yú使shǐ使shǐ晓xiǎo武wǔ,,会huì论lùn虞yú常cháng,,欲yù因yīn此cǐ时shí降jiàng武wǔ。。剑jiàn斩zhǎn虞yú常cháng已yǐ,,律lǜ曰yuē::「「汉hàn使shǐ张zhāng胜shèng谋móu杀shā单dān于yú近jìn臣chén,,当dāng死sǐ;;单dān于yú募mù降jiàng者zhě,,赦shè罪zuì。。」」举jǔ剑jiàn欲yù击jī之zhī,,胜shèng请qǐng降jiàng。。律lǜ谓wèi武wǔ曰yuē::「「副fù有yǒu罪zuì,,当dāng相xiāng坐zuò。。」」武wǔ曰yuē::「「本běn无wú谋móu,,又yòu非fēi亲qīn属shǔ,,何hé谓wèi相xiāng坐zuò??」」复fù举jǔ剑jiàn拟nǐ之zhī,,武wǔ不bù动dòng。。律lǜ曰yuē::「「苏sū君jūn,,律lǜ前qián负fù汉hàn归guī匈xiōng奴nú,,幸xìng蒙méng大dà恩ēn,,赐cì号hào称chēng王wáng,,拥yōng众zhòng数shù万wàn,,马mǎ畜chù弥mí山shān,,富fù贵guì如rú此cǐ。。苏sū君jūn今jīn日rì降jiàng,,明míng日rì复fù然rán。。空kōng以yǐ身shēn膏gāo草cǎo野yě,,谁shuí复fù知zhī之zhī??」」武wǔ不bù应yīng。。律lǜ曰yuē::「「君jūn因yīn我wǒ降jiàng,,与yǔ君jūn为wèi兄xiōng弟dì;;今jīn不bù听tīng吾wú计jì,,后hòu虽suī复fù欲yù见jiàn我wǒ,,尚shàng可kě得dé乎hū??」」武wǔ骂mà律lǜ曰yuē::「「汝rǔ为wèi人rén臣chén子zi,,不bù顾gù恩ēn义yì,,畔pàn主zhǔ背bèi亲qīn,,为wèi降jiàng虏lǔ于yú蛮mán夷yí,,何hé以yǐ女nǚ为wèi见jiàn??且qiě单dān于yú信xìn女nǚ,,使shǐ决jué人rén死sǐ生shēng,,不bù平píng心xīn持chí正zhèng,,反fǎn欲yù斗dòu两liǎng主zhǔ观guān祸huò败bài。。南nán越yuè杀shā汉hàn使shǐ者zhě,,屠tú为wèi九jiǔ郡jùn;;宛wǎn王wáng杀shā汉hàn使shǐ者zhě,,头tóu县xiàn北běi阙quē;;朝cháo鲜xiān杀shā汉hàn使shǐ者zhě,,即jí时shí诛zhū灭miè。。独dú匈xiōng奴nú未wèi耳ěr。。若ruò知zhī我wǒ不bù降jiàng明míng,,欲yù令lìng两liǎng国guó相xiāng攻gōng,,匈xiōng奴nú之zhī祸huò,,从cóng我wǒ始shǐ矣yǐ!!」」律lǜ知zhī武wǔ终zhōng不bù可kě胁xié,,白bái单dān于yú。。单dān于yú愈yù益yì欲yù降jiàng之zhī。。乃nǎi幽yōu武wǔ置zhì大dà窖jiào中zhōng,,绝jué不bù饮yǐn食shí。。天tiān雨yǔ雪xuě。。武wǔ卧wò,,啮niè雪xuě与yǔ旃zhān毛máo并bìng咽yàn之zhī,,数shù日rì不bù死sǐ。。匈xiōng奴nú以yǐ为wèi神shén,,乃nǎi徙xǐ武wǔ北běi海hǎi上shàng无wú人rén处chù,,使shǐ牧mù羝dī。。羝dī乳rǔ,,乃nǎi得dé归guī。。别bié其qí官guān属shǔ常cháng惠huì等děng,,各gè置zhì他tā所suǒ。。
武wǔ既jì至zhì海hǎi上shàng,,廪lǐn食shí不bù至zhì,,掘jué野yě鼠shǔ去qù屮chè实shí而ér食shí之zhī。。杖zhàng汉hàn节jié牧mù羊yáng,,卧wò起qǐ操cāo持chí,,节jié旄máo尽jǐn落luò。。积jī五wǔ、、六liù年nián,,单dān于yú弟dì于yú靬qián王wáng弋yì射shè海hǎi上shàng。。武wǔ能néng网wǎng纺fǎng缴jiǎo,,檠qíng弓gōng弩nǔ,,于yú靬qián王wáng爱ài之zhī,,给gěi其qí衣yī食shí。。三sān岁suì余yú,,王wáng病bìng,,赐cì武wǔ马mǎ畜chù、、服fú匿nì、、穹qióng庐lú。。王wáng死sǐ后hòu,,人rén众zhòng徙xǐ去qù。。其qí冬dōng,,丁dīng令lìng盗dào武wǔ牛niú羊yáng,,武wǔ复fù穷qióng厄è。。
初chū,,武wǔ与yǔ李lǐ陵líng俱jù为wèi侍shì中zhōng。。武wǔ使shǐ匈xiōng奴nú明míng年nián,,陵líng降jiàng,,不bù敢gǎn求qiú武wǔ。。久jiǔ之zhī,,单dān于yú使shǐ陵líng至zhì海hǎi上shàng,,为wèi武wǔ置zhì酒jiǔ设shè乐lè。。因yīn谓wèi武wǔ曰yuē::「「单dān于yú闻wén陵líng与yǔ子zi卿qīng素sù厚hòu,,故gù使shǐ陵líng来lái说shuō足zú下xià,,虚xū心xīn欲yù相xiāng待dài。。终zhōng不bù得dé归guī汉hàn,,空kōng自zì苦kǔ亡wáng人rén之zhī地dì,,信xìn义yì安ān所suǒ见jiàn乎hū??前qián长zhǎng君jūn为wèi奉fèng车chē,,从cóng至zhì雍yōng棫yù阳yáng宫gōng,,扶fú辇niǎn下xià除chú,,触chù柱zhù,,折zhé辕yuán,,劾hé大dà不bù敬jìng,,伏fú剑jiàn自zì刎wěn,,赐cì钱qián二èr百bǎi万wàn以yǐ葬zàng。。孺rú卿qīng从cóng祠cí河hé东dōng後hòu土tǔ,,宦huàn骑qí与yǔ黄huáng门mén驸fù马mǎ争zhēng船chuán,,推tuī堕duò驸fù马mǎ河hé中zhōng,,溺nì死sǐ,,宦huàn骑qí亡wáng。。诏zhào使shǐ孺rú卿qīng逐zhú捕bǔ。。不bù得dé,,惶huáng恐kǒng饮yǐn药yào而ér死sǐ。。来lái时shí太tài夫fū人rén已yǐ不bù幸xìng,,陵líng送sòng葬zàng至zhì阳yáng陵líng。。子zi卿qīng妇fù年nián少shǎo,,闻wén已yǐ更gèng嫁jià矣yǐ。。独dú有yǒu女nǚ弟dì二èr人rén,,两liǎng女nǚ一yī男nán,,今jīn复fù十shí余yú年nián,,存cún亡wáng不bù可kě知zhī。。人rén生shēng如rú朝cháo露lù,,何hé久jiǔ自zì苦kǔ如rú此cǐ??陵líng始shǐ降jiàng时shí,,忽hū忽hū如rú狂kuáng,,自zì痛tòng负fù汉hàn;;加jiā以yǐ老lǎo母mǔ系xì保bǎo宫gōng。。子zi卿qīng不bù欲yù降jiàng,,何hé以yǐ过guò陵líng??且qiě陛bì下xià春chūn秋qiū高gāo,,法fǎ令lìng亡wáng常cháng,,大dà臣chén亡wáng罪zuì夷yí灭miè者zhě数shù十shí家jiā,,安ān危wēi不bù可kě知zhī。。子zi卿qīng尚shàng复fù谁shuí为wèi乎hū??愿yuàn听tīng陵líng计jì,,勿wù复fù有yǒu云yún!!」」
武wǔ曰yuē::「「武wǔ父fù子zi亡wáng功gōng德dé,,皆jiē为wèi陛bì下xià所suǒ成chéng就jiù,,位wèi列liè将jiāng,,爵jué通tōng侯hóu,,兄xiōng弟dì亲qīn近jìn,,常cháng愿yuàn肝gān脑nǎo涂tú地dì。。今jīn得dé杀shā身shēn自zì效xiào,,虽suī蒙méng斧fǔ钺yuè汤tāng镬huò,,诚chéng甘gān乐lè之zhī。。臣chén事shì君jūn,,犹yóu子zi事shì父fù也yě。。子zi为wèi父fù死sǐ,,亡wáng所suǒ恨hèn,,愿yuàn无wú复fù再zài言yán。。」」陵líng与yǔ武wǔ饮yǐn数shù日rì,,复fù曰yuē::「「子zi卿qīng,,壹yī听tīng陵líng言yán。。」」武wǔ曰yuē::「「自zì分fēn已yǐ死sǐ久jiǔ矣yǐ!!王wáng必bì欲yù降jiàng武wǔ,,请qǐng毕bì今jīn日rì之zhī欢huān,,效xiào死sǐ于yú前qián!!」」陵líng见jiàn其qí至zhì诚chéng,,喟kuì然rán叹tàn曰yuē::「「嗟jiē呼hū!!义yì士shì!!陵líng与yǔ卫wèi律lǜ之zhī罪zuì上shàng通tōng于yú天tiān!!」」因yīn泣qì下xià沾zhān衿jīn,,与yǔ武wǔ决jué去qù。。
陵líng恶è自zì赐cì武wǔ,,使shǐ其qí妻qī赐cì武wǔ牛niú羊yáng数shù十shí头tóu。。后hòu陵líng复fù至zhì北běi海hǎi上shàng,,语yǔ武wǔ::「「区qū脱tuō捕bǔ得dé云yún中zhōng生shēng口kǒu,,言yán太tài守shǒu以yǐ下xià吏lì民mín皆jiē白bái服fú,,曰yuē::『『上shàng崩bēng。。』』」」武wǔ闻wén之zhī,,南nán乡xiāng号hào哭kū,,欧ōu血xuè,,旦dàn夕xī临lín。。数shù月yuè,,昭zhāo帝dì即jí位wèi。。数shù年nián,,匈xiōng奴nú与yǔ汉hàn和hé亲qīn。。汉hàn求qiú武wǔ等děng。。匈xiōng奴nú诡guǐ言yán武wǔ死sǐ。。后hòu汉hàn使shǐ复fù至zhì匈xiōng奴nú。。常cháng惠huì请qǐng其qí守shǒu者zhě与yǔ俱jù,,得dé夜yè见jiàn汉hàn使shǐ,,具jù自zì陈chén道dào。。教jiào使shǐ者zhě谓wèi单dān于yú言yán::「「天tiān子zi射shè上shàng林lín中zhōng,,得dé雁yàn足zú有yǒu系xì帛bó书shū,,言yán武wǔ等děng在zài某mǒu泽zé中zhōng。。」」使shǐ者zhě大dà喜xǐ,,如rú惠huì语yǔ以yǐ让ràng单dān于yú。。单dān于yú视shì左zuǒ右yòu而ér惊jīng,,谢xiè汉hàn使shǐ曰yuē::「「武wǔ等děng实shí在zài。。」」于yú是shì李lǐ陵líng置zhì酒jiǔ贺hè武wǔ曰yuē::「「今jīn足zú下xià还hái归guī,,扬yáng名míng于yú匈xiōng奴nú,,功gōng显xiǎn于yú汉hàn室shì,,虽suī古gǔ竹zhú帛bó所suǒ载zài,,丹dān青qīng所suǒ画huà,,何hé以yǐ过guò子zi卿qīng!!陵líng虽suī驽nú怯qiè,,令lìng汉hàn且qiě贳shì陵líng罪zuì,,全quán其qí老lǎo母mǔ,,使shǐ得dé奋fèn大dà辱rǔ之zhī积jī志zhì,,庶shù几jǐ乎hū曹cáo柯kē之zhī盟méng。。此cǐ陵líng宿sù昔xī之zhī所suǒ不bù忘wàng也yě!!收shōu族zú陵líng家jiā,,为wèi世shì大dà戮lù,,陵líng尚shàng复fù何hé顾gù乎hū??已yǐ矣yǐ!!令lìng子zi卿qīng知zhī吾wú心xīn耳ěr!!异yì域yù之zhī人rén,,壹yī别bié长zhǎng绝jué!!」」陵líng起qǐ舞wǔ,,歌gē曰yuē::「「径jìng万wàn里lǐ兮xī度dù沙shā幕mù,,为wèi君jūn将jiāng兮xī奋fèn匈xiōng奴nú。。路lù穷qióng绝jué兮xī矢shǐ刃rèn摧cuī,,士shì众zhòng灭miè兮xī名míng已yǐ隤tuí,,老lǎo母mǔ已yǐ死sǐ,,虽suī欲yù报bào恩ēn将jiāng安ān归guī??」」
陵líng泣qì下xià数shù行xíng,,因yīn与yǔ武wǔ决jué。。单dān于yú召zhào会huì武wǔ官guān属shǔ,,前qián以yǐ降jiàng及jí物wù故gù,,凡fán随suí武wǔ还hái者zhě九jiǔ人rén。。武wǔ以yǐ始shǐ元yuán六liù年nián春chūn至zhì京jīng师shī,,诏zhào武wǔ奉fèng一yī太tài牢láo谒yè武wǔ帝dì园yuán庙miào,,拜bài为wèi典diǎn属shǔ国guó,,秩zhì中zhōng二èr千qiān石shí,,赐cì钱qián二èr百bǎi万wàn,,公gōng田tián二èr顷qǐng,,宅zhái一yī区qū。。常cháng惠huì徐xú圣shèng赵zhào终zhōng根gēn皆jiē拜bài为wèi中zhōng郎láng,,赐cì帛bó各gè二èr百bǎi匹pǐ。。其qí余yú六liù人rén,,老lǎo归guī家jiā,,赐cì钱qián人rén十shí万wàn,,复fù终zhōng身shēn。。常cháng惠huì后hòu至zhì右yòu将jiāng军jūn,,封fēng列liè侯hóu,,自zì有yǒu传chuán。。武wǔ留liú匈xiōng奴nú凡fán十shí九jiǔ岁suì,,始shǐ以yǐ强qiáng壮zhuàng出chū,,及jí还hái,,须xū发fā尽jǐn白bái。。
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